Rules of Perudo

Perudo is a form of Liars Dice which is a bidding and bluffing game where the bids get higher and higher until someone calls. If you fail to make your bid and someone calls then you lose dice. If you make your bid when they call then they lose dice. The last person with dice wins.

Each player starts the game with five dice which are randomly rolled with each player only every seeing their own dice, but bidding on how many total dice of all the players will show a certain number.

The first player must make a bid and the next player to their left must either raise the bid or call. If they raise, then the next player in order must decide either to also raise the bid or call with play continuing until someone calls.

Players can raise a bid in one of three ways: by raising the number of total dice in the bid, or the number on the dice or a combination of the two.

For example:
With a starting bid of 3-3s (three dice showing a three)
The next player could raise the bid to 3-4s (three dice showing a four)
or 4-3s (four dice showing a three)
or 5-5s (five dice showing a five)
As long as one of the bid numbers goes up then the bid is legal. You can raise the bid by a little or a lot and do not have to bid numbers that you hold as bluffing is a part of the game.

If think a player's bid is incorrect, you can call Dudo which is the Spanish for I doubt. All dice are then revealed and if there are an equal number or more dice than the player bid the challenger loses one of their dice. If there are less dice than the person bid then they lose one of their dice.

Round starts with the player who lost a die in the previous round.

The game ends when just one player still has dice left.

SPECIAL RULES OF PERUDO

ACES

Instead of calling a higher quantity or number to increase the bid, players may bid using aces (ones). When players bid with aces they automatically halve the quantity called by the previous player, and if this does not divide equally, the player who bids aces must round it up.
Players cannot start a round by bidding aces.
To increase the bid, the player on the left of the one who is bidding aces must either bid a higher quantity of aces, or double the quantity and add one (if they wants to bid a number other than aces). Alternatively the player on the left may call "Dudo," and the players then have to count the quantity of aces (as described above in Counting the Dice).

PALAFICO

When players lose their fourth die and have only one die remaining, they declare the words Palafico which means there are three special rules for just the next round:
(i) Aces are not wild
(ii) The player who is Palafico starts the round, and may do so by bidding aces (which is the only time when a player can do this)
(iii) All the other players must increase the bid by raising the quantity or by calling Dudo." This means that players must bid the same number as that bid by the Palafico player; they may not change the number with the exception of players who are already Palafico and may alter the number when it is their turn to bid. Other players must then bid their number.
Palafico rules do not apply when there are only two players left in the game.

WINNING PERUDO

The last player left with one or more dice is the winner of the game.